Components of FDI:
- Equity Capital,
- Reinvested Earnings and
- Intra-Company Loans.
Equity capital: It is investment in equity.
Reinvested Earnings: These are retained profits on the FDI which are reinvested in the market.
Intra-Company Loans: Borrowing and Lending of funds between parent enterprises and affiliate enterprises.
TYPES OF
FDI:
Horizontal FDI:-
When a company invests in the same industry in totality in which it operates back in its own country .
Vertical FDI:-
- When a company expands only a part of the production process to another country is referred to as Vertical FDI.
- This fragmentation of business benefits enterprises, since the production costs in other countries can be way lower than the country of origin.
Indirect Foreign Investment /Downstream Investment:
- Investment by an Indian company (owned / controlled by foreigners) into another Indian entity is considered as Indirect Foreign Investment (IFI).
- Indian entity which has received indirect foreign investment shall comply with the entry route, sectoral caps, pricing guidelines and other attendant conditions as applicable for foreign investment.
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